Using Fundamental Harmonic Approximation (FHA) for Series-Series (SS) topology. Simulating real-time tank resonance, reflected impedance Z_r, bifurcation mapping, and AC transient wave propagations based on current spatial tolerances.

Primary Engineering Objective

This digital twin models and analyzes high-efficiency 85 kHz inductive Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) pads compliant with the SAE J2954 standard for EV wireless charging. It utilizes analytical formulations for proximity/skin depth losses, magnetic coupling approximations via modified Wheeler frameworks, and thermal dissipation modeling under dynamic spatial tolerances.

SAE J2954 Standardization Envelope

• Resonant Band: Center frequency at 85.0 kHz.
• Power Classes: WPT1 (3.7 kW), WPT2 (7.7 kW), WPT3 (11.0 kW).
• Air Gap Classes: Z1 (100–150 mm), Z2 (140–210 mm), Z3 (170–250 mm).